Chinese Economy Structural Shift: From Investment-Led Growth to New Productive Forces and Lessons for India The Chinese economy structural shift represents a long-term transformation in the composition of growth drivers, sectoral output, and sources of productivity. China’s recent economic trajectory illustrates such a shift—from a high-investment, export-heavy model to one increasingly driven by domestic consumption

How Narrowing ‘Loss and Damage’ Hampers India’s Climate Policy Responses Introduction Loss and Damage refers to the irreversible and residual impacts of climate change that occur beyond the limits of adaptation, encompassing not only physical destruction but also loss of lives, livelihoods, ecosystems, cultural heritage, identity, and social cohesion. Internationally, it has emerged as a

Neo-Colonialism: Independent in Theory, Directed from Outside Neo-colonialism refers to a condition where a formally sovereign state retains constitutional independence, international recognition, and domestic institutions, yet its economic structures, policy choices, and strategic autonomy are decisively shaped by external powers. The term gained prominence during the post-decolonisation phase of the mid-20th century, when political freedom

Introduction Strengthening the Rajya Sabha after delimitation has emerged as a crucial constitutional debate as India prepares for a major restructuring of political representation. Delimitation refers to the constitutional process of redrawing electoral boundaries and reallocating seats to reflect population changes. India’s inter-State allocation of Lok Sabha seats has been frozen since the 1971 Census,

Unsafe Land Use Practices in the Himalayas and Rising Disaster Risk Unsafe land use practices in the Himalayas have emerged as a major driver of disaster risk, intensifying landslides, flash floods, land subsidence, and ecological degradation. Activities such as indiscriminate slope cutting, poorly assessed tunnelling, and unscientific muck dumping are transforming naturally fragile mountain systems

Removal of High Court Judges in India: Constitutional Framework, Independence and Accountability Introduction The removal of High Court judges in India represents one of the most delicate constitutional questions in Indian democracy, situated at the intersection of judicial independence and democratic accountability. The Constitution consciously adopts the term “removal” rather than “impeachment” for judges, underscoring

Introduction The concept of Spheres of Influence refers to an informal geopolitical arrangement in which a powerful state claims predominant strategic, political, or security interests over a defined region, limiting the autonomy of other states and discouraging external intervention. Though never codified in international law, this practice shaped 19th- and early 20th-century imperial politics and

India–EU Free Trade Agreement: Significance for Trade, Standards and Strategic Autonomy Introduction India’s engagement with the European Union (EU) in 2026 marks a qualitative shift from traditional bilateralism to bloc-level diplomacy, reflecting the EU’s character as a 27-member regulatory and economic union rather than a single national actor. With the India–EU Free Trade Agreement emerging