Vishnu IAS Academy

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR: Role, Challenges and Air Pollution Control Introduction The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR plays an important role in controlling recurring air pollution, particularly during winter, due to vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, waste burning, stubble burning and unfavourable meteorological conditions. GRAP is an emergency framework

Religious Conversion and Reservation in India: Constitutional Provisions, Supreme Court Ruling & Social Justice Religious Conversion and Reservation in India is an important constitutional and social justice issue. Reservation in India is an instrument of substantive equality under the Constitution, intended to address historical exclusion and inadequate representation. Religious conversion raises questions about religious identity

Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution: Differences and Significance Introduction The Constitution provides judicial remedies to protect individual rights against arbitrary state action. Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution empower the Supreme Court and High Courts, respectively, to issue writs. While Article 32 guarantees the right to constitutional remedies for enforcing

Introduction Macroeconomic stabilisation refers to measures taken to reduce fluctuations in economic growth, employment and inflation. The Keynesian and orthodox approaches differ mainly in their understanding of market adjustment and the role of government. Body Difference between Keynesian and Orthodox Approaches Basis Keynesian Approach Orthodox Approach Role of demand Aggregate demand drives output and employment,

Elderly Care System in India: Need, Challenges, Government Schemes and Way Forward Introduction India is undergoing a demographic transition characterised by increasing life expectancy and a declining fertility rate. According to NITI Aayog’s 2024 report, Senior Care Reforms in India, the elderly population is projected to reach 19.5% of the total population by 2050. The

UAPA in India: Role in Combating Terrorism and Major Concerns The UAPA in India, formally known as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, is India’s principal anti-terrorism legislation. Originally enacted to prevent unlawful activities threatening India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, it was strengthened through amendments, particularly in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2019, to address evolving

Stubble Burning in India: Causes, Environmental Impact and Challenges Introduction Stubble burning in India refers to the intentional burning of crop residue left after harvesting, particularly paddy straw in Punjab and Haryana. Despite its contribution to air pollution, soil degradation and health problems, the practice persists due to a combination of economic constraints, agricultural policies,

Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs): Significance, Importance & Challenges Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are ecologically fragile areas notified around Protected Areas (PAs) such as National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. They act as a buffer or “shock absorber” between protected ecosystems and areas of human activity. ESZs are notified by the Central Government under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Inland Waterways in India: Reducing Logistics Costs & Promoting Green Transport Inland Waterways in India – Introduction Inland Waterways in India refer to the movement of people and goods through navigable rivers, canals, lakes, backwaters and related inland water channels. India has 111 National Waterways (NWs) of which 32 are operational. Cargo movement on National

Valid Visa Does Not Guarantee Entry into India: Articles 14 & 21 and Immigration Law Body I. Constitutional Position of Foreign Nationals Article 14 – Equality Before Law Article 14 uses the expression “any person” and therefore its protection extends to foreigners as well as citizens. However, equality does not require identical treatment where there