Vishnu IAS Academy

Introduction: Civilizational diplomacy refers to the use of shared historical, cultural, religious and people-to-people linkages to strengthen contemporary foreign relations, while structural engagement involves sustained cooperation through connectivity, trade, security, development partnerships and institutional mechanisms. India’s engagement with Myanmar exemplifies the convergence of these two approaches, enabling New Delhi to simultaneously advance its Neighbourhood First […]

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Introduction: A Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) is a broad-based trade and economic cooperation framework that goes beyond tariff liberalisation to include goods, services, investment, technology transfer, professional mobility, regulatory cooperation, and strategic economic integration. The operationalisation

Introduction: Critical minerals are mineral resources that are economically indispensable for modern industries, clean-energy technologies, advanced manufacturing, semiconductors, telecommunications and defence systems, while simultaneously facing risks of supply disruption. As the world accelerates toward energy transition, demand for minerals such as lithium, cobalt, graphite, nickel, vanadium and rare earth elements (REEs) has risen sharply. India

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases. Despite significant advances in diagnostics and treatment, India continues to account for nearly one-fourth of the global TB burden, making elimination a major public health challenge. Evidence increasingly shows that structural vulnerabilities such as

Introduction: Climate finance refers to local, national and transnational financing—drawn from public, private and alternative sources—that supports mitigation and adaptation actions addressing climate change. India’s updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) aim to reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030, achieve about 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil

Introduction: The India–China boundary dispute, spanning nearly 3,488 km according to India’s official perception of the boundary, remains one of the most complex unresolved territorial disputes in the world. The challenge is not merely cartographic but deeply intertwined with national security, territorial sovereignty, geopolitical competition, border infrastructure, and regional stability. Following the events in Eastern

Introduction: Transnational connectivity initiatives are cross-border infrastructure and economic integration projects aimed at enhancing trade, energy security, supply-chain resilience, digital connectivity, and strategic cooperation among participating countries. The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), announced in 2023, represents one such ambitious multimodal initiative connecting India with Europe through West Asia via ports, railways, energy pipelines, data

Introduction: A heatwave is a prolonged period of abnormally high temperatures that exceeds the climatological threshold prescribed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). In recent years, heatwaves have evolved from episodic weather events into recurring climate-induced disasters with significant implications for public health, labour productivity, food security, energy demand and urban governance. India’s Core Heatwave

Introduction: The Supreme Court, as the apex judicial authority, serves a dual function: safeguarding the Constitution and acting as the final appellate forum for legal disputes. Its extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution empowers it to grant Special Leave Petitions (SLPs) from any lower court, intended as a selective mechanism to address significant

Introduction: Energy resilience refers to the capacity of an economy to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions in energy supply and price volatility while ensuring uninterrupted economic and social functioning. The ongoing instability around the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly one-fifth of globally traded crude oil passes, has reinforced the reality that energy