Vishnu IAS Academy

NJAC Controversy: Judicial Independence vs Democratic Accountability The NJAC controversy highlights the challenges of balancing judicial independence with democratic accountability in the appointment of judges in India. The debate centres on the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), its establishment through the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2014, and its subsequent invalidation by the Supreme Court in

Disinvestment in India: Efficiency, Governance and Economic Reforms Disinvestment in India should be viewed not merely as a tool for meeting fiscal targets but also as a strategy to improve efficiency and governance in public sector enterprises (PSEs). It refers to the sale of a portion or the entire government stake in a public sector

Andhra Pradesh Subject-Wise Current Affairs September 2026 Andhra Pradesh Subject-Wise Current Affairs September 2026 covers important monthly updates for APPSC aspirants, organized by subjects such as Polity and Governance, Economy and Development, Geography, History and Culture, Government Schemes, and other important state-level developments. These notes help candidates prepare for APPSC Group 1, APPSC Group 2,

Fertiliser Subsidy in India: Nutrient Imbalance and Soil Health Fertilisers are essential agricultural inputs that enhance crop productivity and support India’s food security. However, the fertiliser subsidy in India has contributed to the imbalanced application of nutrients, adversely affecting soil health and agricultural sustainability. The effectiveness of fertilisers depends on the balanced application of nitrogen

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR: Role, Challenges and Air Pollution Control Introduction The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR plays an important role in controlling recurring air pollution, particularly during winter, due to vehicular emissions, industrial activities, construction dust, waste burning, stubble burning and unfavourable meteorological conditions. GRAP is an emergency framework

Religious Conversion and Reservation in India: Constitutional Provisions, Supreme Court Ruling & Social Justice Religious Conversion and Reservation in India is an important constitutional and social justice issue. Reservation in India is an instrument of substantive equality under the Constitution, intended to address historical exclusion and inadequate representation. Religious conversion raises questions about religious identity

Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution: Differences and Significance Introduction The Constitution provides judicial remedies to protect individual rights against arbitrary state action. Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution empower the Supreme Court and High Courts, respectively, to issue writs. While Article 32 guarantees the right to constitutional remedies for enforcing

Introduction Macroeconomic stabilisation refers to measures taken to reduce fluctuations in economic growth, employment and inflation. The Keynesian and orthodox approaches differ mainly in their understanding of market adjustment and the role of government. Body Difference between Keynesian and Orthodox Approaches Basis Keynesian Approach Orthodox Approach Role of demand Aggregate demand drives output and employment,

Elderly Care System in India: Need, Challenges, Government Schemes and Way Forward Introduction India is undergoing a demographic transition characterised by increasing life expectancy and a declining fertility rate. According to NITI Aayog’s 2024 report, Senior Care Reforms in India, the elderly population is projected to reach 19.5% of the total population by 2050. The

UAPA in India: Role in Combating Terrorism and Major Concerns The UAPA in India, formally known as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, is India’s principal anti-terrorism legislation. Originally enacted to prevent unlawful activities threatening India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, it was strengthened through amendments, particularly in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2019, to address evolving