Blogs and Articles

Loss and Damage, Technology Transfer and Just Transition in Climate Negotiations: Why They Remain Aspirational Loss and Damage, Technology Transfer and Just Transition in Climate Negotiations have increasingly emerged as central pillars of equitable global climate action. These concepts were introduced to address the uneven distribution of climate impacts, technological capacities, and historical responsibilities between […]

Land Acquisition before EIA and Article 21: Dilution of Environmental Rights in India Environmental justice in India refers to the equitable protection of ecological systems while ensuring that developmental benefits and burdens are fairly distributed. Over the decades, the judiciary expanded Article 21 to include the right to a clean and healthy environment, reading it

Tax Buoyancy and Fiscal Discipline: Why Indirect Tax Buoyancy Remains Weak Under GST Tax buoyancy plays a critical role in maintaining fiscal discipline by ensuring that government revenues grow in tandem with economic expansion. In India, while direct taxes have shown strong responsiveness to GDP growth, the persistently low indirect tax buoyancy—despite the maturation of

India–U.S. Trade Deal: Tariff Reduction and Its Impact on Labour-Intensive Exports The India–U.S. trade deal marks a significant development in India’s external trade policy by proposing a sharp reduction in U.S. tariff barriers on Indian goods. At a time of global trade uncertainty and supply-chain realignments, this understanding has important implications for export competitiveness, employment

Hydrological Connectivity of Indian Wetlands: Impact of Urbanization and Role of GIS & Remote Sensing The hydrological connectivity of Indian wetlands is increasingly under stress due to rapid urbanization and persistent administrative lapses. Disruptions in natural water flows between wetlands, their catchments and downstream systems have intensified urban floods, groundwater decline and ecological degradation. In

Public-Led Capex Model in India: Implications for Industrial Growth and Domestic Demand Introduction: Public-led capital expenditure refers to the State using budgetary resources to drive economic growth by investing directly in infrastructure, industrial capacity and strategic sectors, with the expectation that such spending crowds in private investment and stimulates demand through multiplier effects. Over the

Chinese Economy Structural Shift: From Investment-Led Growth to New Productive Forces and Lessons for India The Chinese economy structural shift represents a long-term transformation in the composition of growth drivers, sectoral output, and sources of productivity. China’s recent economic trajectory illustrates such a shift—from a high-investment, export-heavy model to one increasingly driven by domestic consumption

How Narrowing ‘Loss and Damage’ Hampers India’s Climate Policy Responses Introduction Loss and Damage refers to the irreversible and residual impacts of climate change that occur beyond the limits of adaptation, encompassing not only physical destruction but also loss of lives, livelihoods, ecosystems, cultural heritage, identity, and social cohesion. Internationally, it has emerged as a

Neo-Colonialism: Independent in Theory, Directed from Outside Neo-colonialism refers to a condition where a formally sovereign state retains constitutional independence, international recognition, and domestic institutions, yet its economic structures, policy choices, and strategic autonomy are decisively shaped by external powers. The term gained prominence during the post-decolonisation phase of the mid-20th century, when political freedom

Introduction Strengthening the Rajya Sabha after delimitation has emerged as a crucial constitutional debate as India prepares for a major restructuring of political representation. Delimitation refers to the constitutional process of redrawing electoral boundaries and reallocating seats to reflect population changes. India’s inter-State allocation of Lok Sabha seats has been frozen since the 1971 Census,