Vishnu IAS Academy

The Mineable Self: How Human Sociality Became a New Global Commodity in Digital Capitalism

Introduction The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 introduces parental consent (“consent-gating”) as the primary safeguard for children’s access to digital platforms, premised on the belief that parents are best positioned to protect minors’ privacy and well-being. This approach emerges against a backdrop where adolescents’ digital immersion has become near-universal, with smartphones acting as

Land Acquisition before EIA and Article 21: Dilution of Environmental Rights in India Environmental justice in India refers to the equitable protection of ecological systems while ensuring that developmental benefits and burdens are fairly distributed. Over the decades, the judiciary expanded Article 21 to include the right to a clean and healthy environment, reading it

How Narrowing ‘Loss and Damage’ Hampers India’s Climate Policy Responses Introduction Loss and Damage refers to the irreversible and residual impacts of climate change that occur beyond the limits of adaptation, encompassing not only physical destruction but also loss of lives, livelihoods, ecosystems, cultural heritage, identity, and social cohesion. Internationally, it has emerged as a

Neo-Colonialism: Independent in Theory, Directed from Outside Neo-colonialism refers to a condition where a formally sovereign state retains constitutional independence, international recognition, and domestic institutions, yet its economic structures, policy choices, and strategic autonomy are decisively shaped by external powers. The term gained prominence during the post-decolonisation phase of the mid-20th century, when political freedom

Introduction Strengthening the Rajya Sabha after delimitation has emerged as a crucial constitutional debate as India prepares for a major restructuring of political representation. Delimitation refers to the constitutional process of redrawing electoral boundaries and reallocating seats to reflect population changes. India’s inter-State allocation of Lok Sabha seats has been frozen since the 1971 Census,

Unsafe Land Use Practices in the Himalayas and Rising Disaster Risk Unsafe land use practices in the Himalayas have emerged as a major driver of disaster risk, intensifying landslides, flash floods, land subsidence, and ecological degradation. Activities such as indiscriminate slope cutting, poorly assessed tunnelling, and unscientific muck dumping are transforming naturally fragile mountain systems

Removal of High Court Judges in India: Constitutional Framework, Independence and Accountability Introduction The removal of High Court judges in India represents one of the most delicate constitutional questions in Indian democracy, situated at the intersection of judicial independence and democratic accountability. The Constitution consciously adopts the term “removal” rather than “impeachment” for judges, underscoring

De-dollarisation Implications for Global Financial Architecture: China and India’s Strategic Shift De-dollarisation implications have become a central theme in debates on the future of the global financial architecture. As countries like China and India experiment with reducing reliance on the U.S. dollar in trade, finance, and reserves, the long-standing dollar-centric system is witnessing cautious but

Continuing Mandamus and Environmental Governance in India: Judicial Activism vs Regulatory Capacity Continuing mandamus environmental governance India has emerged as a defining feature of judicial intervention in recent decades, raising critical questions about the balance between constitutional oversight and the autonomy of specialized environmental regulators. Introduction Environmental governance in India operates within a complex constitutional