Shift from Fortress Conservation to Community-Centered Approach in India’s Tiger Conservation
Shift from Fortress Conservation to Community-Centered Approach in India’s Tiger Conservation <stro Introduction Tiger conservation in India has gradually evolved from a “fortress conservation model”—which prioritised creating inviolate spaces by excluding human presence—to a community-centered approach that recognises the rights and participation of forest-dwelling communities in protecting biodiversity. With India hosting over 70% of the











