Vishnu Vardhan

India’s Fight Against Tuberculosis

India’s Fight Against Tuberculosis: Government Initiatives, Challenges & TB Elimination 2025

India’s Fight Against Tuberculosis India has made significant strides in TB control: ·         New TB cases ↓ by 21% (2015–2024) ·         TB mortality ↓ by 25% However, as per the World TB Report 2025, India still accounts for ~25% of the global TB burden, highlighting the scale of the challenge. About Tuberculosis (TB): ·         Caused […]

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S-400 ‘Sudarshan’

S-400 Sudarshan Air Defence System in India – Features, Range, Capabilities & Strategic Importance

S-400 ‘Sudarshan’ India is fast-tracking the induction of the S-400 Triumf air defence system from Russia to strengthen national airspace security. About S-400 (Sudarshan): One of the world’s most advanced Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) systems Creates a multi-layered air defence shield Range: 40 km to 400 km Key Capabilities: Detects up to 300 targets simultaneously Engages

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Olive Ridley Turtles in India

Olive Ridley Turtles in India: Conservation, Nesting Sites, Threats & Hope Island Initiative

Olive Ridley Turtles in India: Nearly 20,000 Olive Ridley turtle eggs have been conserved at Hope Island (Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh) through in-situ protection by wildlife authorities. About Olive Ridley Turtles (ORTs): Smallest sea turtles with olive-green heart-shaped shell Found in Indian, Pacific & Atlantic Oceans Famous for mass nesting (arribada) → 100–140 eggs per

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300 Most Important Topics for UPSC Prelims 2026 | Must-Have PDF for IAS Preparation

300 Most Important Topics for UPSC Prelims 2026 | Must-Have PDF for IAS Preparation

Indian Polity: I. Constitutional Framework & Philosophy Historical Background: Regulating Act 1773 to Government of India Act 1935.  Making of the Constitution: Role of the Drafting Committee and Objective Resolution. Preamble: Keywords (Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, etc.) and its legal status.  Salient Features: Federal vs. Unitary features and Parliamentary vs. Presidential systems.  Union & Its Territory:

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UPSC Prelims Full Length Test Framework

UPSC Prelims Full Length Test Framework

For UPSC CSE Prelims GS Mock Tests We Will Follow This Pattern in Preparing Full Length Mock Tests Polity Economy History Geography Environment S & T (Science & Technology) Current Affairs Polity (16) 1858–1947 British India Laws – 1 On Gandhiji – 1 On Freedom Fighters – 1 On Ambedkar – 1 Any event of

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Importance of AEFI Monitoring in Building Public Trust in Vaccination

Importance of AEFI Monitoring in Building Public Trust in Vaccination

Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) refer to any untoward medical occurrence after vaccination, which may or may not have a causal relationship with the vaccine, as defined by the World Health Organization. Monitoring AEFI is a critical component of immunisation programmes because vaccines are administered to healthy populations, especially children and adolescents, making safety assurance

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Analyse the impact of an unregulated digital environment on adolescent mental wellbeing and India’s demographic dividend. Explore internet addiction risks and policy measures beyond punitive controls.

Impact of Unregulated Digital Environment on Adolescent Mental Wellbeing: Safeguarding India’s Demographic Dividend

Impact of Unregulated Digital Environment on Adolescent Mental Wellbeing: Safeguarding India’s Demographic Dividend Impact of Unregulated Digital Environment on Adolescent Mental Wellbeing has emerged as a critical concern in the context of India’s demographic dividend. India’s demographic dividend—with nearly 65% of its population below 35 years and over 250 million adolescents—represents a historic opportunity for

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The Women’s Reservation Bill since 1996 has undergone nearly three decades of debate, political resistance, and constitutional transformation. Explore its historical evolution, the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, and the current roadblocks linked to Census and delimitation delaying implementation.

Women’s Reservation Bill Since 1996: Historical Evolution, Roadblocks & the 106th Constitutional Amendment

Women’s Reservation Bill Since 1996: Historical Evolution, Roadblocks & the 106th Constitutional Amendment Women’s Reservation Bill since 1996 has undergone nearly three decades of legislative debate, political contestation, and constitutional reform before culminating in the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023. The Women’s Reservation Bill, enacted as the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, seeks to reserve

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Centralising Tendencies in India's Constitution have shaped Centre-State relations since independence. Explore the historical context, constitutional provisions, fiscal centralisation, and the growing demand for federal recalibration to strengthen Indian federalism and democratic governance.

Centralising Tendencies in India’s Constitution: Need for Federal Recalibration and National Dialogue

Centralising Tendencies in India’s Constitution: Need for Federal Recalibration and National Dialogue Centralising Tendencies in India’s Constitution have significantly shaped Centre-State relations since independence. Federalism refers to a constitutional arrangement in which powers are divided between a central authority and constituent units (States), each having autonomy in defined spheres. In India, federalism is constitutionally enshrined

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RTI Act and DPDP Act 2023 are central to the debate on transparency vs privacy in India. Examine how RTI reduced information asymmetry in governance and whether the DPDP Act 2023 reinstates it.

RTI Act and DPDP Act 2023: Has Information Asymmetry in Governance Returned?

RTI Act and DPDP Act 2023: Has Information Asymmetry in Governance Returned? RTI Act and DPDP Act 2023 are at the center of India’s contemporary debate on transparency versus privacy. The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 is a landmark legislation that operationalises the citizen’s fundamental right to know, which flows from Article 19(1)(a) of

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