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Key points about Harappan maritime trade:

⦁ Ports and Trade Routes: The Harappans established several ports along the coastlines of present-day Gujarat and Sindh. Notable ports included Lothal, Dholavira, and Sutkagen-dor. These ports facilitated trade with distant regions such as Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Peninsula.
⦁ Goods Traded: The Harappans exported a variety of goods, including cotton textiles, beads, pottery, and agricultural products. In return, they imported raw materials like metals, gemstones, and other luxury items.
⦁ Lothal: One of the most significant Harappan ports was Lothal, located in present-day Gujarat. It featured a sophisticated dockyard and was strategically positioned to connect inland trade routes with maritime ones. Lothal’s dockyard is considered one of the earliest known in the world.
⦁ Cultural Exchanges: The maritime trade network facilitated not only economic exchanges but also cultural interactions. Harappan seals and artifacts have been found in Mesopotamia, indicating a robust exchange of goods and ideas.
⦁ Technological Advancements: The Harappans demonstrated advanced knowledge of shipbuilding and navigation. Their ability to construct and manage ports, along with their understanding of maritime routes, highlights their technological prowess.